If your dog’s ears are smelly, it’s probably more than just a nuisance. It’s likely due to an infection.

Although ear infections aren’t unique to any one species, dogs are particularly at risk because of their ear anatomy.

Canine ear infections are often a sign of other problems, like allergies, ear mites — even a foreign object stuck in the ear canal. Ear infections are especially common in dogs that like to swim, so pooch parents should dry ears thoroughly after their buddy takes a dip. There are many more potential causes, all of which can become serious without treatment.

Signs of ear infection include head shaking, itchiness, redness and — yes — that smell. But most of all, affected dogs are painful. Infections can permanently damage your dog’s ears, so it’s important to seek veterinary care right away.